Car-wheel chill



I UNITED STATES v PATENT OFFICE.

JACOB N. BARR, OF ALTOONA, PENNSYLVANIA.

CAR-WHEEL CHILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of 'Letters Patent No. 225,549, dated March 16, 1880.

Application filed July 20, 1878.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB N. BARR, of All toona, in the county of Blair and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ventilating Sand- Flauge Ghills; and I dohereby declarethat the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in the chills which are used iu castin g car-wheels; and the invention consists in constructing the chill, or that portion of it which comes in contact with the metal which forms the 4liange of the car-wheel, with a peripheral groove or a se-4 ries of holes, which are filled with sand or other non-conducting material for the purpose of re tarding the chilling process at that point, and with a series of vent or air holes, which connect the sand, either directly or indirectly, with the external atmosphere, for the purposes hereinafter more fully set forth, said vent-holes, for this purpose, passing through the body of the chill-that is to say, lying wholly within and inclosed by the metal of the chill-Lin contradistinction to grooves or recesses formed in the face of the chill.

It also consists in a car-wheel chill having a peripheral receptacle located in its flangeface for the reception of non-conducting material, constructed with aportion of its Hange- .face between the receptacle and its drag-face,

and with a series of vent-openings extending from the receptacle and formed through the body of the chill.

For the purpose of more clearly distinguishing my invention, I have shown by the accompanying drawings the method heretofore in use, as well as my improvements in these chills. Y

Figures l, 2, 3, and 4illustrate the old methods of chilling wheels prior to my invention, and Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 my improved method of constructing car-wheel chills. Figs. 9 and l0 are sectional views, illustrating the position of the parts in casting the wheel. Fig.

11 represents a plan of a detached portion of a modification of my improved chill in which a continuous groove is substituted for the series of receptacles forholdin g the sand, an d Fig. Y

view, illustrating the ei'ect produced upon the wheel in the process of chilling, the chilled.

portion being indicated by heavy or darker section-lines.

In casting, the flanged portion of the wheel is downward. When the molten iron cornes in contact with the chill A it cools quickly, becoming very hard, and if the wheel is broken up it will be found that the metal which was next to the chill and extending some distance therefrom presents a white appearance, and is what is called chilled iron,77 and it is this hardness upon which the durability of the wheel depends.

It will be noticed, on referring to Fig. `3 of the drawings, that this chilled portion of the wheel is irregular and thinnest at the throat T, or point of union between the ange j' and the tread a, a. The thinness of the hardened iron at this point T is due to the following causes: The wheel, as before stated, being cast with the ange downward, the molten iron which forms the tlangef is the first which comes in contact with the chill, 'and this, taken in connection with the further fact that the flange projects out or away from the main body of the iron composing the rim, causes it to cool much faster than y the other portions ofthe rim. The rapid cooling of the flange causes it to be composed almost entirely of white or chilled iron and to commence shrinking while yet the iron composing the tread has formed but a thin plastic shell ragainst the chill. This premature shrinkage of the flange draws with it the shell just formed at the throat T, and before the chilling or hardening process at that point is completed.

As soon as the iron is thus drawn from contact with the chill the hardening process is arrested and the formation of white or chilled IOO iron ceases, the result being, as shown by Fig. 3 ofthe drawings, that a very shallow or thin layer of hardened metal is formed at the point chill.

indicated by the letter T, and as this is the part ofthe wheel-which is most subject to wear, the effect on the durability ot' the wheel is very serious. In other words, the part of the wheel which ought to be the hardest is in reality soft.

To remedy this difficulty by securing a greater proportionate depth of chilled or white iron in the so-called throat i of the wheel, and thereby render the wheel of greater durability in service, is the object of myinvention, which will non7 proceed to describe.

Referring again to the accompanying drawings, Fig. 5 is a segment of my improved Fig. 6 is a vertical section of same with the wheel in position. Fig. 7 is a similar view enlarged, and indicating by darker section-lines the chilled portion of the rim and tread ofthe wheel. Figs. S, 9, and l0 are modiiications of my improved chill.

Referring to the parts by letters, A represents the chill, and I) a series of holes, which may be about three-fourths of an inch in diameter and three-eighths of an inch in depth, or of any convenient size or form suitable for the purpose intended. These holes b are drilled into that portion of' the chill which forms the iiange ofthe wheel.

b represents a series of holes, which are drilled through the chill into the bottom of the holes b, communicating with the external atmosphere.

The holes b are filled with sand or other non-conducting material, and the Vent-holes b constitute or provide a free passage to the external air for the gas generated by the contact ofthe molten iron with the non-conducting material with which the holes b are filled.

Instead of a series of holes, b, a continuous groove might be used for the reception of the non-conducting material, vent-holes b', connecting therewith, being provided at suitable intervals apart; or they may be formed by drilling' diagonally or angularly into the bottom of the holes b or-the continuous groove, as shown by Figs. 8, 9, and l0.

c represents my improved partition or portion of the metal of the chill which is interposed between the receptacle b and the dragface d of the chill. The object of this partition c is to prevent the passage of the gases from the receptacle b to the outer air along the face of the chill and through the drag, which for many reasons is very objectionable.

The operation of my improved chill is as follows: The non-conducting material with which the holes b are tilled retards the cooling ofthe liange f and allows the throat portion T to remain longer in contact with the chill. This retardation in the cooling ofthe ange causes the white or chilled iron to form to a considerable depth at the throat, as indicated by Fig. 6 of the drawings. At the same time those portions of the han ge which are brought in contact with the solid metal of the chill between the holes b are chilled or hardened, thereby making a durable ange.

The vent-holes b allow free exit to the gases generated, thereby preventing the tendency of the gas to escape or force its way out between the chill and the wheel, to the detriment of the tread. By providing these vents for the escape of the gas I secure a smoother and more durable tread.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A car-wheel chill having' a receptacle, b, peripherally located in its iiange-face for the reception of a non-conducting material, and having a series of vent-openings extending from said receptacle and formed through the body of the chill, substantially as and for the purpose speciied.

2. A car-wheel chill having a peripheral receptacle located in its flange-face for the reception of a non-conducting material, and having a portion, c, of its flange-face arranged between said receptacle andthe drag-face of the chill, and also having vent-openings extending from said receptacle and formed through the bodyr of the chill, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. A car-wheel chill having a series of holes, b, peripherally located and supplied with nonconducting material, and having also a series of openings, b', extending from the openings b through the body and exterior face of the chill., substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I afix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JACOB N. BARR.

Witnesses:

E. MCLEAN,

J. J. WILEs.

IOO 

